张量CSAMT有效观测区域模拟对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘志新  薛国强  张林波 《地球物理学报》2017,60(8):3278-3287

根据标量CSAMT、垂直双偶极源CSAMT、三偶极源CSAMT等多分量响应式设计程序,通过数值模拟给出其十字型场源的X方向和Y方向电偶极子电磁场各分量的场值分布图,发现十字型观测区域中存在着分布零散且较广的弱区,有效观测区域较小,且对地形条件要求苛刻,不利于在山区等地形起伏复杂地区施工.在旋转三偶极装置的原理基础上提出了多偶极子源矢量合成测量方式,相比较十字型场源的施工方式而言,通过矢量合成多组的电偶极子,有利于实现全区无弱区观测,同时场源铺设简便对各种地形有着较强的适用性.研究结果为张量可控源进一步的测量工作提供技术依据.  相似文献   

基于高分卫星遥感影像的地震应急滑坡编目与分布特征探讨——以2017年8月8日九寨沟7.0级地震为例     

吴玮莹  王晓青  邓飞 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(4):815-825

地震应急是减轻地震灾害的重要途径之一。地震应急工作具有时间紧迫、事关重大的特点。2017年8月8日四川九寨沟M_S7.0级地震发生后,为快速、准确地提供地震引发的滑坡灾害分布,本研究基于震后第一天获取到的高分辨率遥感影像（高分二号卫星影像、北京二号卫星影像）,通过人工目视解译的方法初步建立了四川九寨沟地震滑坡编目。结果表明,该地震至少触发了622处同震滑坡,分布在沿使用影像边界框定的面积为3919km2的区域内。本研究还利用这个地震滑坡编目,统计了九寨沟地震滑坡数量和滑坡点密度（LND）与地形（坡度、坡向）、地震（地震烈度、震中距）等因素的关系。结果表明九寨沟地震滑坡多发生在坡度为20°—50°的区域内,滑坡的易发性随着坡度的增加而增加。受地震波传播方向的影响,E、SE向是地震滑坡较易发生的坡向。滑坡的易发程度和地震烈度呈正相关,即随着烈度的增大,滑坡易发性增大。滑坡易发性还随着震中距增加而降低,这是由于地震波能量随震中距的增加而衰减导致的。  相似文献   

震源因素对尾波干涉提取经验格林函数的影响          下载免费PDF全文

冯旭平  王涛 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3408-3420

尾波干涉提取经验格林函数作为现今地震学一项重要的研究,其受震源因素的影响值得细致地探讨.本文通过模拟和实际数据的尾波干涉,系统性讨论了震源倾角、方位角和走向以及震中分布对于提取经验格林函数（主要是PKIKP²和PKⅡKP²震相）的影响.我们发现PKIKP²震相的平均信噪比随倾角的增大呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,并在倾角约为45°时达到最大.基于稳相点分析,本文认为这种变化趋势是因为提取的PKIKP²震相主要贡献来源于近乎径向方向,而倾角为45°的倾滑型断层事件辐射出的P波能量在径向上最大.此外,断层走向对尾波干涉提取Rayleigh面波并无明显影响,而方位角的影响非常显著.当事件近似在台站对的大圆弧上时,尾波干涉才能提取清晰的Rayleigh面波,这与面波稳相区的空间分布一致.对于PKIKP²和PKⅡKP²震相,只有当事件分布与台站对大圆弧近垂直并且事件断层走向与线状台阵近平行时,才能提取清晰的波形.通过计算不同事件和台站分布的震源辐射能量,上述方位角和走向最有利于地核震相的提取.最后,震中分布对尾波干涉提取PKIKP²震相也有一定的影响：当震中与地心连线和PKIKP²震相射线路径之间的锐角夹角越小,并且震中距越小时,提取的地核震相的信噪比越高.  相似文献   

Altitude-dependent distribution of ~(137)Cs in the environment:a case study of Aragats massif,Armenia     

Konstantin Pyuskyulyan  Stephen P.LaMont  Vovik Atoyan  Olga Belyaeva  Nona Movsisyan  Armen Saghatelyan 《Acta Geochimica》2020,(1):127-138

This paper considers the distribution of technogenic 137Cs and naturally occurring radionuclides:238 U,232 Th and40 R concentrations in soils and 137Cs in atmospheric dry depositions by altitudinal belts of the Aragats mountain massif,Republic of Armenia.Undisturbed soil samples were collected at altitudes from 1000 to 3200 m.For the determination of geochemical variability,two soil sampling campaigns were undertaken.Atmospheric dry depositions were sampled from five stations at1100-3200 m collected onto organic fiber filters between June and December 2016.137Cs activity was measured using a high-purity Germanium detector coupled to a multichannel analyzer(Canberra).Results indicated that specific activity of 137Cs in soils at 1000 m is495-528 Bq m^-2,andat3200 mis10,500-11,470 Bq m^-2.No correlation observed for 137Cs versus naturally occurring radionuclides,which varies in distribution by altitude.Specific activities of 137Cs in dry atmospheric depositions varies from 1.06 at 846 m to2.37 Bq m^-2 per quarter at 3200 m and increases as the altitude increases.Activities of 137Cs in soil and dry atmospheric deposition correlated significantly,and 137Cs activity in soils and atmospheric dry depositions decrease as the absolute altitude decreases.The 50-year effective dose from exposure to 137Cs fallout varies with altitude from 0.007 to 1.42 m Sv.  相似文献   

Distribution of Landslides in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

GAO Yuxin  XU Chong  TIAN Yingying  MA Siyuan  SHEN Lingling  LU Yongkun  RAN Hongliu 《中国地震研究》2020,34(1):50-63

Using Google Earth software as a platform, this study has established an integrated database of both old and new landslides in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, China, and analyzed their development characteristics together with distribution rules, respectively. Based on the results, a total of 2 427 landslides occurred in the study area, including 2 144 new landslides and 283 old landslides, with a total area of about 104.8 km². The new landslides are mostly in small-scales with an area less than 10 000 m², while the area of individual old landslide is mostly larger than 10 000 m². By analyzing the relationship between the two types of landslides and eight impact factors (i.e., elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope position, lithology, fault, regional Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), and average annual rainfall), the different individual influencing factors, distribution regularities and mechanisms of the two types of landslides are revealed. In detail, the main influencing factors of new landslides are elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope position, lithology, regional PGA and average annual rainfall, while the influencing factors of old landslides are mainly elevation, slope angle, and lithology. This study provides basic data and support for landslide assessment and further disaster reduction in Baoshan City. Besides, it also provides new constraints in deeply understanding the effect of different topographic and geological conditions, historical earthquakes, rainfall and other factors on the occurrence mechanisms of both new landslides and old landslides.  相似文献   

甘肃省天水地区暴雨时空分布及天气学分型          下载免费PDF全文

王小龙  邓卓雅  李映春  李娟  强玉柱  王秀花  杨春芽 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2022,16(4):119-124

利用1965—2019年常规观测资料及2008—2019年区域站加密资料，分析了天水地区暴雨时空分布特征，同时选取30个具有代表性的暴雨样本进行天气学分型及高低空物理量特征分析，确立了预报指标。结果表明：（1）近55 a来天水地区暴雨年均发生2.75站次，整体呈增多趋势，增加幅度为0.2站次?(10 a)-1，其中20世纪60年代后期及80—90年代呈减少趋势，20世纪70年代及21世纪以来呈增多趋势。（2）天水地区暴雨4月中旬—10月下旬都有出现，但集中在夏季7—8月，7月频次最高，月分布呈单峰型特征，旬分布呈三峰型特征，与副高位置密切相关。（3）天水地区暴雨空间分布自西向东依次增多，并存在多个分布中心。（4）天水地区暴雨环流形势分为低槽（涡）东移型和副高西北侧西南气流型两种，其高低空物理量配置各有不同。  相似文献   

北黄海表层沉积物粒度分布特征及其沉积环境分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

王伟  李安春  徐方建  黄鹏  李艳 《海洋与湖沼》2009,40(5):525-531

对北黄海1140个表层沉积物样品的粒度进行分析,探讨其分布特征与物源和水动力环境的关系。结果表明,研究区底质类型主要有泥、粉砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂五种类型,少数站位含有砾石。研究区东部沉积作用的主控因素是潮流,西部主要是山东半岛沿岸流。经过本区的黄海暖流限制了山东半岛沿岸流携带的细粒物质向东运移。研究区西部细粒沉积物的粒度分布是不均匀的,南北是不对称的,其形成受控于山东半岛沿岸流、黄海暖流和潮流。  相似文献   

浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)的分类鉴定、生境习性及分布   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

丁兰平  栾日孝 《海洋与湖沼》2009,40(1):68-71

结合过去的工作基础,对2008年5月底以来黄海西部沿海水域漂浮聚集的绿藻样品进行了分类学研究.经鉴定,其为绿藻门石莼目石莼科浒苔属的浒苔Enteromorphaprolifera,其主要分类鉴定特征为藻体暗绿色或亮绿色、管状扁压、中空、主枝明显、分枝较多、密集且细长.文中对其生境习性及其分布特征也作了较详细地介绍.  相似文献   

三亚河与三亚湾溶存N_2O分布特征与影响因素研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

孙文凭  徐继荣  殷建平  高华生  胡友木  林立 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(2):266-273

2008年4月在三亚河设置24h观测连续站,10月在三亚湾设置13个采样站,同时采集大气、表层和底层海水样品,运用静态顶空气相色谱法对海水中溶存N2O的浓度进行了测定。结果表明,三亚湾海水中溶存N2O的浓度范围为7.57—15.04nmol/L,饱和度范围为101.8%—202.2%,均处于过饱和状态,明显受到三亚河水人为污染的影响;三亚河N2O浓度日变化范围在12.7—17.6nmol/L,饱和度范围在170.9%—236.9%,全天也均处于高度过饱和状态,表明三亚河和三亚湾都是大气N2O的源。对三亚河和三亚湾N2O浓度与盐度,营养盐的关系进行相关分析可得,其与盐度之间的关系为负相关,与硝酸盐,亚硝酸盐,氨盐的关系为正相关。此外还利用Liss提出的双层模型计算了三亚河和三亚湾的N2O海-气交换通量,分别为5.71—11.63μmol/(m2·d)、0.33—8.26μmol/(m2·d),表明三亚河与三亚湾水体中N2O的过饱和现象主要来源于城市污水的影响。  相似文献   

Data augmentation for bias correction in mapping PM2.5 based on satellite retrievals and ground observations     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2024,15(1):101686

As most air quality monitoring sites are in urban areas worldwide, machine learning models may produce substantial estimation bias in rural areas when deriving spatiotemporal distributions of air pollutants. The bias stems from the issue of dataset shift, as the density distributions of predictor variables differ greatly between urban and rural areas. We propose a data-augmentation approach based on the multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE-DA) to remedy the dataset shift problem. Compared with the benchmark models, MICE-DA exhibits superior predictive performance in deriving the spatiotemporal distributions of hourly PM_2.5 in the megacity (Chengdu) at the foot of the Tibetan Plateau, especially for correcting the estimation bias, with the mean bias decreasing from –3.4 µg/m³ to –1.6 µg/m³. As a complement to the holdout validation, the semi-variance results show that MICE-DA decently preserves the spatial autocorrelation pattern of PM_2.5 over the study area. The essence of MICE-DA is strengthening the correlation between PM_2.5 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) during the data augmentation. Consequently, the importance of AOD is largely enhanced for predicting PM_2.5, and the summed relative importance value of the two satellite-retrieved AOD variables increases from 5.5% to 18.4%. This study resolved the puzzle that AOD exhibited relatively lower importance in local or regional studies. The results of this study can advance the utilization of satellite remote sensing in modeling air quality while drawing more attention to the common dataset shift problem in data-driven environmental research.  相似文献